The domestic batteries in our boat (5 off 110Ah) each have two pairs of terminals (one pair +ve, the other pair -ve), and they are interlinked (paralleled) to be a 12v, 550Ah bank. If I connected them in series I would get a 60v, 110Ah bank. However, if I connected a circuit to the unused +ve and -ve on a single battery, I think that I would get 12v from that pair of terminals. Correct?
I don't understand alternators in the slightest, other than that spinning a coil of copper wire in a magnetic field will generate electricity. So, what is it in the build that determines whether the output is 12v, or 24v or something else - length of copper windings, diameter of the copper wire, strength of magnets, speed of rotation, what??