Thanks for that Gibbo. Yes, that's pretty much what I meant by derating. But I did qualify that by saying that "If you've got one of the modern, high output alternators, then it may well be cooled sufficiently to run at it's rated output for long periods." So wasn't really talking about specifying new installations, more about what it was reasonable to expect in performance from an existing unit, which may not be in its first flush of youth.
From what you have said above, if you drive an alternator too hard for the cooling arrangement, either the output current falls as the temperature rises, which effectively "derates" it anyway, or, if there's no temperature sensing (was this feature always incorporated into older units? I don't know), it blows up. Either way, allowing a bit of "headroom" on the alternator seems to make perfect sense to me.