I can remeber plenty of times, in my youth, in the 50's and 60's (not the 1850's), when my school was closed and my father could not get to work. But then we lived up North.
Looking back at Giles cartoons it would appear the country was disrupted badly, at some point each winter, throughout this period.
In 1947 the country ground to a halt for months, the troops were called out to help.
Living in South London (1978-2004), only once did I fail to make it into work in Central London, due to inclement weather. That was due to heavy mist, no trains were running and the buses were spasmodic. I even made it on time (the buses were running) after the storm of October '87.