There is no relationship between panels / batteries / engine. There is a relationship between the size of the panels and how quickly they can charge the batteries, given the size of the batteries. And of course, the speed at which the batteries are charged is based not only on the size of the panel, but the time of year (worse in winter than summer), and the angle from the sun of the panels.
Large installations will rotate the panels to track the sun, and this will improve efficiency by 20 to 25%, however this is not practical on a boat and therefore there is an assumption that this efficiency is lost. The best you can hope for in a moored NB is to have the panels pointed directly at the sun at noon (which is also unlikely on a NB).
And finally, the amount of power produced will be significantly affected by the amount of sun (so recently, not very much). Rain does have a much bigger impact than clouds, but modern high efficiency panels will still produce power when it is raining (maybe only 10 to 20% though).