What you describe is my worst nightmare; having my boat/stuff interfered with in the dead of night.
I installed a set of ultrasonic reversing parking sensors on my car a couple of years back. I had bought these from eBay for about a tenner, and not only are the sensors set off by solid objects at the back of the car, they are triggered by people walking behind the car when I’m reversing. (Example here, but other sets are available: http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Car-Rear-Reversing-4-Sensors-Reverse-Backup-Parking-LED-Display-Buzzer-Alarm-Kit-/172491469238?hash=item28294af1b6:g:nLQAAOSwo4pYfxXz).
In areas where a boater might be concerned that their property or moored boat might be interfered with, I could envisage a temporary installation of these sensors on the roof pointing towards to the towpath. As sold for automotive applications, each sensor (in a typical set of four) is designed to go in a 21mm diameter hole on the car’s ‘bumper’, but there’s no need to drill holes through your boat’s superstructure. I suspect a temporary fitting could be made, perhaps just using PVC tape to stop them dropping into the cut!
I have no information how these electronics might perform if left powered up overnight, nor do I have any information on their current consumption; so, some experimentation would be needed. However, at less than a tenner a set, it might be worth a punt for a DIY miscreant detector!!