All flooring choices have Pro`s and Con`s, even more so on a boat!
Firstly Laminate -
You will find that any "cheap" laminate floor is prone to problems and is usually more difficult to fit well
it isnt worth paying extra for the words "water proof" or "moistuire resistant"
...however all laminate flooring requires an expansion gap around its perimeter, you say you wish to avoid scotia, how will you "dress" the 8mm - 10mm gap?
...also you should look for a minimum 8mm thickness, this added to the underlay will raise your floor by between 10 and 18mm - will this cause you any problems?
secondly LVT (karndean/amtico)
Although it has a high purchase cost per sq metre you only need to buy what you need, preperation also requires a minimum of 6mm plyboard as a preperation, which should be fixed using ring shank nails every 10 - 15cm in all directions. With care it can and is fittable by a gifted DIYer.
If installed well it is an extremely tough (almost indestructable) product, which will only raise your floor by 9mm
Thirdly Vinyl cushionfloor
Sometimes reffered to as Lino (wrongly!) this will be your cheapest option, there is a huge range of designs and finishes which can look very realistic. Floor preperation is minimal (any smooth blemish free surface is suitable)
Finally Bamboo/engineered wood/ real wood
Basically think of this as a thicker laminate. It is definately not as tough as a good quality laminate and may not be any more stable under high moisture conditions.
It will still need an expansion gap around the perimeter. It will raise your floor by at least 12mm. Avoid cheap DIY store products - they warp and buckle very badly!
A decent product will cost a similar amount to LVT.
I have not discussed carpet because you state you do not want it.